在Spring Boot中配置Kafka非常简单，只需要几个步骤就可以完成。以下是一些关键步骤：

添加依赖

在你的pom.xml文件中添加Spring Boot Kafka的依赖：

    org.springframework.kafka
    spring-kafka

配置Kafka

在application.properties或application.yml文件中配置Kafka相关的属性。以下是一些常用的配置属性：

# application.properties
spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers=localhost:9092
spring.kafka.consumer.group-id=my-group
spring.kafka.consumer.auto-offset-reset=earliest
spring.kafka.consumer.key-deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
spring.kafka.consumer.value-deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
spring.kafka.producer.key-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
spring.kafka.producer.value-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer

# application.yml
spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: localhost:9092
    consumer:
      group-id: my-group
      auto-offset-reset: earliest
      key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
    producer:
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer

创建Kafka配置类

创建一个配置类，用于创建Kafka的生产者和消费者。以下是一个简单的示例：

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.EnableKafka;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.ConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaProducerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.ProducerFactory;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
@EnableKafka
public class KafkaConfig {
    @Value("${spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers}")
    private String bootstrapServers;
    @Bean
    public Map consumerConfigs() {
        Map props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, bootstrapServers);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "my-group");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
        return props;
    }
    @Bean
    public ConsumerFactory consumerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(consumerConfigs());
    }
    @Bean
    public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
        ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
        factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
        return factory;
    }
    @Bean
    public Map producerConfigs() {
        Map props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, bootstrapServers);
        props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        return props;
    }
    @Bean
    public ProducerFactory producerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(producerConfigs());
    }
    @Bean
    public KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate() {
        return new KafkaTemplate<>(producerFactory());
    }
    @Bean
    public KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar kafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar() {
        return new KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar();
    }
    @Bean
    public KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry kafkaListenerEndpointRegistry() {
        return new KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry();
    }
}

创建Kafka监听器

创建一个监听器类，用于处理Kafka消息。以下是一个简单的示例：

import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class KafkaListenerExample {
    @KafkaListener(topics = "my-topic", groupId = "my-group")
    public void listen(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
    }
}

发送消息

在你的应用程序中，你可以使用KafkaTemplate发送消息到Kafka。以下是一个简单的示例：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class KafkaProducerExample {
    @Autowired
    private KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate;
    public void sendMessage(String topic, String message) {
        kafkaTemplate.send(topic, message);
    }
}

现在你已经成功配置了Spring Boot Kafka，可以开始发送和接收消息了。如果你需要更复杂的配置，可以在application.properties或application.yml文件中进行修改，或者在KafkaConfig类中添加更多的配置方法。